World-Renowned Physicist: They Are Lying To You About UFOs & Reality - Michio Kaku

Immortality is tantalizing close. >> and you think it's possible within the. laws of physics and biology. >> Yeah. In fact, we know that there's a. clock in our body called the tie that. tracks how long we're going to live and. there's something called talomeorase. which stops the clock which means that. we can live forever. That's the good. news. But the bad news was we found out. that cancer also uses tie and. talomeorase to live forever. [music] And. so the question is can we apply that to. humans without wakening up the cancers? But this is not science fiction. This is.

the future. >> And for 71 years, you've been studying. physics and how science will shape human. destiny. So how is life likely to be. different in the future? >> Well, decade by decade, we see the. enormous progress that we humans have. made. For example, we'll probably be on. the moon, maybe Mars, and also the. artificial intelligence will help us to. cure cancer and many diseases. However, for the first time in human history, we. have the potential of [music] destroying. ourselves with designer germs, nuclear. weapons, perhaps artificial. intelligence. Like this is a quantum. computer. This is so powerful that even.

the CIA is worried about the fact that. these could break into any known. computer, >> including banks, even Bitcoin. >> That's right. So, capitalism would. vanish. Society would come to a halt. >> And what about humanoid robots? I would. look seriously at the possibility of. merging with them so that we don't have. a civil war. Realize that we're at the. edge of a knife. You tilt it the wrong. way and there's worlds war. You tilt it. the other way and there's food and. luxury for everyone. And it's up to us.

to decide which way the knife will go. Dr. Moaku, I've waited a long time to. ask someone these questions. Where do. you believe we came from? Do you think. it's plausible that in fact we are. living in a simulation? And then is. there any evidence when we look out at. the stars that there is non-human life. out there? >> Okay, so first of all, >> this is super interesting to me. My team. given me this report to show me how many. of you that watch this show subscribe. and some of you have told us according.

to this that you are unsubscribed from. the channel randomly. So favor to ask. all of you, please could you check right. now if you've hit the subscribe button. if you are a regular viewer of the show. and you like what we do here. We're. approaching quite a significant landmark. on this show in terms of a subscriber. number. So, if there was one simple free. thing that you could do to help us, my. team, everyone here to keep this show. free, to keep it improving year over. year and week over week, it is just to. hit that subscribe button and to double. check if you've hit it. Only thing I'll. ever ask of you, do we have a deal? If. you do it, I'll tell you what I'll do.

I'll make sure every single week, every. single month, we fight harder and harder. and harder and harder to bring you the. guests and conversations that you want. to hear. I've stayed true to that. promise since the very beginning of the. D ofio and I will not let you down. Please help us. Really appreciate it. Let's get on with the show. [music]. Dr. Moaku, >> that's right. >> For anyone that isn't aware of you and. your work and they're wondering whether. they should listen to what you have to. say today because they don't know your.

work and they've not gone through the. the books and the interviews that you've. done, how would you describe your. experience? I work in something called. string theory which we think is the. theory that eluded Einstein for the last. 30 years of his life. The theory of. everything. The theory that explains the. big bang, the formation of stars, galaxy, formation of the earth, life. I'm a physicist working in the theory of. everything. >> What is the theory of everything? >> An equation perhaps no more than one. inch long that will allow us to quote. read the mind of God. These are.

Einstein's words. the theory of the big. bang, the theory of creation itself, the. theory of of everything. >> I want to [clears throat] explain this. in terms that even the most sort of. novice viewer could understand. The. theory of everything is is an equation. that explains. >> everything. >> Physics. >> No, no, no. Everything. Because from. physics comes chemistry, comes. chemistry, comes biology, >> and from that comes our universe. >> Is it things like gravity and space and. time? gravity, uh, light, the nuclear.

force. Uh, there are four fundamental. forces of the universe. There's the. gravitational force which keeps us here, the electromagnetic force which lights. up our our world, and the two nuclear. forces. We want a theory that explains. all four. >> You know, when people watch your. interviews and they read your books, what do you think is the fundamental. question that they're typically seeking. to answer? What does it mean for me?

>> What does what mean for me? >> The physics of the future. That is we. physicists create the future. We're the. ones who understand what is possible, what is not possible, and what is. plausible. How does that affect the. average person? >> And there's an element of of all of us. that's just trying to figure out how we. got here, where our place is in the. universe. >> Yeah. If especially for people who are. philosophical or religious, they want to. know what does it all mean? I mean, where did I come from? Where's the. universe going? They want to know the.

answer to the big questions, the. question of meaning. And that's what we. physicists do. >> And they want to know if we're alone in. the universe. >> Oh yeah, that too. That's a byproduct of. what we do is look for extraterrestrial. intelligence. >> You've been doing this for many, many. decades now. You've been studying the. nature of the universe and physics. Is. there a fundamental misunderstanding. that you're aware of that the average. person still believes? Yeah, people. think that physics is for eggheheads,

that it's just uh doing equations on a. blackboard and totally divorced from the. average person. They don't realize that. everything about their life, about. electricity, about magnetism, about the. nuclear force, about industry, everything comes from physics. But the. average person thinks that physics is. for eggheheads. It's for equations you. put on a blackboard in a cartoon. Nope. is everywhere. >> In the last couple of weeks, you've been. asked to do lots of interviews because.

Trump has released the UFO files. >> That's right. >> Before we get into lots of other. subjects and physics generally, probably. start by just tackling this question. head on. Do you think that we are alone. in the universe? No, we are not alone. because a galaxy has 100 billion stars. of which maybe 10% have planets that are. earthlike or are similar to Earth. But. the question is, can they visit us? A.

Saturn 5 rocket would take 70,000 years. just to reach the nearest star. Hop, skip, and a jump. 70,000 years. So a. civilization that could reach the earth. would be hundreds thousands of years. more advanced than us. So I'm a. physicist. We look at that space warps. Is it possible that a flying saucer race. could create a space warp so they can. visit us? >> Space warp. >> Bending space. >> Is that possible?

>> Well, gravity bends space all the time. The question is, can you bend space. enough so that you can go faster than. the speed of light so you can visit the. nearest star? That's a question mark. We. physicists look at that, but we have no. definite answer. But it's it's possible. So when these people say that, you know, I had a podcast uh recently where two. people explained to me that there's been. some very unusual sightings of UAPs. >> Mhm. >> And they use this as evidence to say. that aliens exist.

>> Mhm. Do you think those sightings are. actually extraterrestrial life or do you. think it's just uh people hallucinating. and seeing I don't know light orbs and. misunderstanding what they're looking. at? >> Well, there are three types of. observations. Close encounters of the. first kind is when you see something in. the sky. First kind. [snorts]. >> Close encounters of the second kind is. when you have something tangible, an. engine, uh a body, a wreckage of a UAP.

That's second kind. Close encounters of. the third kind is when you actually. encounter them and shake their hand. Now, where are we? We're at close. encounters of the first kind where we. see things floating in the sky, but we. don't know what they are. We don't have. anything tangible. Now, in science. fiction, we've captured the flying. saucer. We have the aliens in a case or. so. That's the movies. We have yet to. see an alien in in a laboratory. We have. yet to see an alien ship. In other.

words, people say, "I saw something.". Now, what does that mean? I'm a. physicist. We go where the we go where. the observation goes. And we have no. observations to verify what you saw. Except, of course, sensationalists who. say, "I've seen the bodies." Okay, show. us. >> So, from that, I conclude that you don't. believe alien life has arrived here on. Earth. I don't I I I'm open to the. possibility. 95% of the sightings we can.

we can uh explain using the known laws. of physics. 5% are either optical. illusions or they are evidence of. visitation. You can't rule it out. So, I'm open to the idea that maybe they're. here. Now, President Trump has released. the first mountain load of 160 uh. encounters of alien technology, we. think, but we haven't yet seen a close. encounter of the second kind. When that. happens, that's a game changer. When we.

have a piece of UFO hardware, that would. that would nail it to the wall right. there. There's the a narrative that the. US government or generally governments. around the world wouldn't want the. people to know about aliens because. they're not ready for it. Do do you buy. that? >> That's the traditional uh excuse for not. revealing these things. But the other. excuse is that it's a cover. It's a. cover for the stealth bomber. It's a. cover for the fact that the military. does experiment with aerodynamically.

novel forms of transport. And so those. are the reasons why the military keeps. it a secret and actually lies about. these things. But now the it's leaking. out. Congress, the president of the. United States, they're demanding these. these u sightings to be declassified. So. we physicists now are analyzing them to. see whether or not they're really real. or not. Is there any evidence when we. look out at the stars that there is. nonhuman life out there? Is there.

anything that you've seen when you look. at other planets and how they're. operating that might suggest there's a. different type of life there? >> Oh, yeah. But there's no tangible. evidence for it yet, though. >> Give me one example. >> Well, uh, for example, take a look at. Alpha Centauri, the closest star system. to the planet Earth, right? >> How far away is that? >> Four and a half light years. And if you. take a look at the Alpha Centauri. system, the closest system to the Earth, you have uh red red stars that could.

could have life on them. We're not sure. They're not super hot, super large, in. which case it would be very difficult to. get life forms off the ground. But the. point I'm raising is that the Milky Way. galaxy, our backyard, has 100 billion. stars. And the probability of life. existing among those stars is almost. 100%. The question is can they reach us? That means is it possible to create a. space warp such that you can break the. light barrier so that you can travel.

across the galaxy and visit the earth. >> And did you say that was theoretically. possible? >> It's theoretically possible. Yeah. But. of course you need energy, fantastic. amounts of energy. But the laws of. physics do allow for the possibility of. space warps. I mean, you've seen space. warps on Star Trek, but where does Star. Trek get the word space warps? It comes. from physics. >> I also heard you telling um I think it. was Joe Rogan, you were telling a story. of one particular. star that reduces [clears throat] in its.

intensity by 20%. >> Yeah, there is a star that that. oscillates. >> What does that mean? >> So, it drops by about 20%. So it's it's. it's reducing its light. >> output. >> by 20%. >> That's right. >> How often? >> You don't have to wait for centuries. It's within a matter of months to years. >> A star that reduces frequently reduces. its light output by 20%. >> Yeah. Which is very unusual. It's the. only one we saw we've seen so far.

>> You explained one of the theories, I. think, when you first talked about this. was that a civilization might have built. something around that star. >> Oh, yeah. That's one of several theories. that a civilization that advanced would. have tremendous energy needs. >> Mhm. >> And the easiest way to get energy is by. encircling the mother star with an. envelope. And the envelope then would. absorb most of the energy. In fact, that. was an episode of Star Trek. They meet a. star that is totally enveloped by a. metal shell. The aliens left it.

centuries ago, but you know, it can't be. ruled out. The theory goes that an. advanced civilization will surround it. with like a metal sphere to capture its. energy. >> Yeah. >> And that would explain why we see a 20%. reduction in the light output. >> No, they think that it's probably an. orbiting an orbiting globe that eclipses. the mother star. >> Ah, >> rather than envelops the mother star, it. simply goes around the mother star and.

eclipses it. Um, so it'd be like a big. ball that that circles the star. extracting. >> and that would cause a dip. It would. cause a dip in the intensity of light. >> As far as we see it, >> as far as we see it, right? >> Because this big [clears throat] ball is. sometimes moving in front of it. >> That's right. Exactly. >> Why couldn't it just be a planet? >> Planets are not that big. Planets are. about about 1% like Jupiter is about 1%. the size of the sun. So the sunlight. would drop by about 1 or 2% if Jupiter. goes in front of our sun.

>> Oh, I've got you. So this is much. bigger. It's huge. >> You've um [clears throat] you've written. a lot of books. >> about the universe and physics and. everything in between. I've waited a. long time to ask someone this question. and it's a very broad question and the. question is where do you believe that we. came from? Where do you believe that life came. from? Where do you believe this universe. came from? >> Well, the universe came from the big.

bang. The question is where did the big. bang come from? Right. >> Okay. So, what is the big bang? >> The big bang is a cosmic explosion that. took place around 14 or so billion years. ago that uh created the expanding. universe. >> How do we know that happened? >> Because we have evidence of this. expansion that took place, you know, 14. or so billion years ago. We see the. stars moving away from us. So, think of. a big balloon. the big balloon with uh.

points of light on the balloon and the. balloon is expanding and the stars are. moving away from each other. >> That's what we see today. Not moving. toward each other. All the stars are. moving away from each other like the. sphere is expanding. And so we believe. in the in the uh the big bang theory and. we believe that the universe is. expanding rather than contracting. >> Expanding into what? >> Hyperspace. >> What's that? Uh well we live in a. four-dimensional universe. Three. dimensions of space, one dimension of.

time. We live in a in a four-dimensional. universe. But in string theory, we. believe that there are 11 dimensions. altogether. >> String theory is something that you came. up with. >> I came up with string field theory, which is one of the branches of string. theory. Right. >> And what is string theory? >> String theory. says that what is a proton? What is an. electron? They're nothing but vibrations. of a string.

So from a distance, this looks like a. point particle. From a distance, this is. an electron. But if you could magnify. that, we find out it's not really a. point at all. It's really a vibrating. string. And each vibration corresponds. to a node. So this would be a proton. This would be an electron. This would be. a neutron. This would be a neutrino. That's why we have so many subatomic. particles. >> Okay. So to to simplify this in a way. that I understand, you're saying that at.

the very base layer, particles are the. same, but they're just strings that are. basically vibrating differently. >> That's right. >> And that would be the the sort of. foundational matter of everything. >> That's right. Everything is basically a. vibrating string. So when the string. vibrates in this direction, we call it. an electron. If it vibrates in this way, we call it a proton. So, why do we have. so many subatomic particles? How many of. them are there? Hundreds. We've seen. hundreds of subatomic particles. And how.

could mother nature be so malicious to. create a universe at the fundamental. level based on hundreds of different. kinds of of strings vibrating in. different directions? Well, it's really. just one string. One string that can. vibrate in different modes. Each mode is. called a particle. >> Why does it need to be a string? We don't know why things are. We just. I'm a physicist. We just try to figure. out the way things really are. But it. would explain why there's so many.

particles. We used to think there was an electron, a proton, and neutron. And that's it. That's it. Period. Nope. We've seen. pimezones. We've seen lambda particles, omega particles, hundreds of subatomic. particles. Why do we build atom smashers. outside Chicago, outside Geneva? huge. gigantic atom smashers smashing atoms. apart. Why? Because then from the debris. we begin to figure out these vibrations. are particles.

We can categorize them. We can give them. names and that gives us a quote a theory. of everything. So we have what is called the standard. model which explains all the subatomic. particles other than gravity. And it and. we create these particles with their. atom smashers. >> which is the big machines where they. fire atoms at each other in in Geneva. and so on around the world to figure out. >> that's the large hon collider right but. now we realize that there's another. octave there's another layer even beyond. what we see with the large hron collider.

dark matter. dark matter is invisible matter that. surrounds the Milky Way galaxy and we. don't know what it is there's a Nobel. Prize waiting for somebody who could. figure about what dark matter is. It's. invisible matter. Invisible matter that. surrounds the entire Milky Way galaxy. We think that we cannot yet prove that. it's nothing but the next octave. >> What do you mean by octave? >> Vibration. In other words, this would be. the lowest vibration which is.

corresponds to an electron. But their. other vibration is much bigger and they. they would correspond to a higher. octave. >> How do we know it's there if it's. invisible? >> Well, this a guess. But it turns out. that when you do the math and you look. at the vibration of a string and you. look at the higher vibrations, some of. them are invisible. In other words, they. don't interact with light. Now, we know. that this interacts with light. Therefore, we can see it. >> But these are the lowest vibrations. Some of the higher vibrations are. invisible. And so, we think that's what.

dark matter is. >> I guess this all comes back to the. question we're talking about the big. bang. You know scientists tend to agree that. there was some kind of big bang because. when you look at the universe it's. expanding outwards. So one would if you. rewind time at some point there was a. central. point where something where a big an. explosion occurred if you reverse time. I mean it begs the question. [clears throat] what caused the big. bang.

>> Well we don't know but there are. theories. String theory is a theory even. before the big bang. It's a theory of. everything. The big bang in some sense. is a misnomer because it disguise the. fact that we're ignorant. We're ignorant. of what caused the thing to bang. String. theory, there was no bang. That is it. did collapse. If you go backwards in. time, it did collapse with a very small. thing and then came out again. It. bounced. Oh, >> okay. >> So, we think that there could be a.

bubble bath of universes. What do you. mean by a bubble bath of universes? >> Our universe is a bubble of some sort. and the bubble is expanding and that's. called the big bang theory which fits. all the data. But we think there are. other bubbles out there. In other words, string theory [snorts] says that we live. not just in a four-dimensional world but. in a 11dimensional world. These other. dimensions we cannot see but we think. that the universe coexists with other. universes. There's a bubble bath. Think.

of bubbles, soap bubbles floating in in. the vacuum. >> What about marbles? So, when you're. talking about bubbles, you know, could you mean like kind of like this? >> Right. Okay. Give me the big one. >> All of them. >> All right. Okay. So, let's say this is. the sun. >> Yeah. >> And these are planets, asteroids, whatever. And they're going around. they're going around the sun. >> Mhm. Why? Why are they going around the.

sun like that? Okay, it's because this. exerts gravitational force [snorts] that. is pulling these things toward toward. the sun. >> The [clears throat] Earth is just one. Asteroids are none of the other. Saturn. and Jupiter, they're nothing but planets. going around the mother star. And so. then the next question is why? Why is it. that planets are going around the sun? It's because the sun is warping the. space around it. Is creating a shallow.

depression. Space is not flat. This is Einstein's. achievement. You go in this direction, seems flat. You go in this direction, everything seems to be flat, right? But. no, the earth for example is round, but. it looks flat, but it's not. The. universe looks flat, but it's not. It's. curved. And that's why planets go around. the mother star because gravity is the. byproduct of the warping of space. And.

that's why we are sitting on this chair. right now. Why are we here? How come. we're not flying in outer space? The. earth is spinning, right? >> The earth is spinning. We should be. flung out into outer space. So how come. we're here? >> Gravity. >> Gra. What is gravity, though? That's. just a word, right? Right? Just because. the mass of the earth is so much greater. than us that it pulls us in. >> Okay. Well, why is it pulling us in? Einstein says that the reason why the. earth is pulling us in is because the.

earth warps the space around us and is. pushing us into the floor. That's why. the solar system works the way it does. because the sun grabs the planets and. forces the planets to move in a curved. line because it's curved space that is. causing it to move this way. >> And going back to what you were saying. about the bubble bath idea, >> right? Then the question is, are there. other stars? Yes. Are there other. galaxies? There billions and billions of.

planets out there. We think that the. whole shebang is curved. We're nothing. but inhabitants of the skin of this. gigantic bubble. Now we're saying that. maybe there are other bubbles out there. A multiverse. A multiverse of universes, parallel universes. In fact, word. multiverse has gotten into the. literature. Comic books now refer to the. multiverse, Spider-Man and things like. that. So it's even part of the. vernacular the the common language of.

the average person that we believe in. parallel universes. So yeah these. parallel universes come from physics. >> and the other thing that comes from. physics is black holes. >> That's right. If this star becomes so. massive that its gravity is so great. that it pulls the entire shebang in. like this. Mhm. >> And then that would be a black hole.

And we now believe that at the center of. almost every galaxy we see, and there. are trillions of galaxies, we think that. at the center of these galaxies, there's. a black hole. >> Even our galaxy, the milk, >> even our galaxy, right? If you look at. the direction of Sagittarius, the. constellation Sagittarius, there's a. black hole there. So tonight, go. outside, look for the constellation. Sagittarius, and there's a black hole at. the center of our own backyard that. holds the Milky Way galaxy together.

>> So, how did it get there? >> Well, we think that it's a remnant of. the Big Bang that when the Big Bang. exploded, clusters of matter begin to contract. other clusters of matter. >> And this is where the galaxies and the. planets come from. The condensation of. the matter ejected out of the big bang. gives you the galaxies, the solar. systems and the planets. >> So if I use this as an example, there. was the big bang and all the pieces flew. everywhere.

>> and then because of gravity the pieces. came together and they got so. so uh so big so much mass that they. collapsed inwards. >> [snorts]. >> We're not sure about exactly which came. first, the galaxy came first or the. black hole came first. But let's assume. for the moment that the black hole came. first. Gas concentrated into a small. area called the black hole and then it. drew all the other stars and galaxy. around it to create the Milky Way.

galaxy. We're not sure, but that's one. possibility of where it came from. And. where did that come from? That in turn. came from the explosion that created the. universe roughly 14 billion years ago. >> Am I right in thinking black holes they. are extremely dense like areas of matter. and they if you were to go near one. everything that goes near it gets sucked. in. >> That's right. And you never get out. again. If this is a a black hole, there. is a ring or a sphere surrounding it. A. point of no return. You go towards the.

black hole and you pass this this ring. and then you go into the black hole. never to be seen again. It's a point of. no return. >> How do we know that? >> Well, we've never seen it happen, but we. can calculate the escape velocity. In. other words, if you want to leave the. Earth, how fast do you have to move to. leave the Earth? 7 miles per second. Our. astronauts travel 7 miles per second to. reach the moon. Okay, that's called. escape velocity. So every gravitating.

piece of matter has an escape velocity. for the Earth is 7 miles per second. What about the escape velocity of a. black hole? It's the speed of light. That's why if you fall through the event. horizon of a black hole, you never come. out because otherwise you would have to. go faster than the speed of light, which. is not possible. So you go in, but you. never come out. That's why it's called. black holes. >> What's in there?

If you knew, you'd win a Nobel Prize. >> This area has loads and loads of mass. inside it. It's sucking things into it. So, one would assume that there was a. lot inside there, but it's tiny, right? Black holes are tiny. >> We don't know how big they are. We think. at the very center it could be very. small. We're not sure. No one's ever. been there because if you go past the. event horizon, you never come out again. >> What do people think is inside a black. hole? I'm thinking of it's just this. area in space that looks black on a when. you look at it and think it can suck in.

planets, anything. >> If I were to take a guess, I would say. that it's an entrance. It's a gateway. perhaps to another universe. We think for example if I have a warp. space and you fall into warp space if if. the warp space is powerful enough it may. come out again on the other side. So. there may be another universe on the.

other side of a black hole. We're not. we're not sure. Of course, if you want. to go to Alpha Centauri with a Saturn 5. rocket, it would take 70,000 years to. reach the nearest star with our most. powerful rocket. Very impractical. You. need a shortcut and that's uh that's the. gateway called a wormhole which is very. similar to a black hole. A little bit. different but very similar. >> How long have you been studying physics. in the universe now?

Since I was 8 years old, I've been. studying the universe. >> 71 years. >> Yeah. When I was 8 years old, a great. scientist had just died. It was in all. the newspapers and the newspaper said. that he failed on his last try to create. a theory of everything. So, I was. fascinated by this idea that this man. was attempting to find the final theory. You're talking about Einstein.

>> That's right. Later, I found out the. man's name was Albert Einstein. And at. that point, I said to myself, that's for. me. That's what I want to work on. I. want to be part of this great journey to. complete Einstein's dream of a theory of. everything. And that's what I do for a. living. I work with Einstein's. equations. >> So, for 71 years, you've been trying to. understand the universe and create this. theory for everything. In that time, how. is your perspective on.

God. developed? >> Yes. Most of my family were Buddhists. >> Mhm. >> Coming from Japan, but my father was a Christian. >> and put me in Sunday school. So, I had. the benefit of two religions as a child. Now, I'm a physicist. And physicists are quote agnostic. They. don't take a position. They simply go. where the physics takes them into areas.

that are distasteful, mysterious, whatever. You go where the evidence. goes. And that's what I am today. In. other words, we have the laws of. physics. We have string theory which. takes us to the instant of the big bang. and even before even before the creation. of the universe. But then the next. question is where does string theory. come from? Okay, at that point we have. to say that that's where our ignorance. takes over. We simply don't know. >> What about simulation theory?

>> Do you think it's plausible that in fact. we are living in a simulation? [clears throat]. >> I would say the answer is probably no. >> Probably no. >> That's right. Simulation theory is. basically. saying that the universe is a puppet. show and there's a script. We're we're. living out the script because somebody. is pulling our strings. First of all, that violates quantum theory. Quantum. theory believes in probabilities.

Probabilities that I'm sitting here. today, probabilities that maybe one day. I'll go into outer space. We can. calculate the probabilities of atomic. events, chemical events with accuracy. that is incredible. But simulation theory is not one of. them. The theory which was um proposed. by philosopher Nick Bostonramm says that. there's three possibilities logically. Either number one that um humanlike. civilizations always destroy themselves.

before they get to the point where they. can do advanced hyperrealistic. simulations. And if you think about. things like I know virtual reality at. the moment or video games and you. imagine them on a spectrum, if they just. get 1% better a year, at some point they. are indistinguishable from this reality. that we're experiencing now. So theory. one, we wipe ourselves out before we get. to the point where we're advanced enough. in hyperrealistic simulations. Theory. number two, or possibility number two, is that advanced civilizations do exist,

but they have zero interest in. simulating their ancestors, which would. be us. Or theory number three is that we. are a simulation and civilizations do. survive and they do run millions of. simulations because there would be. millions of fake universes and only one. can be base reality in this scenario and. the mathematical odds are incredibly. high that we are currently living inside. one of those simulations and not in base. reality. Well, my personal point of view. is there there's option four that you. don't mention and option four is that.

there is no simulation at all that all. this talk is nothing but fairy tales. Fairy tales that we tell our children to. amaze them about the universe. But you. see the universe is based on. probabilities. Probabilities that. uranium will fire for example which. gives us nuclear weapons. probability. that hydrogen can fuse and that gives us. stars. So the universe is based on. probabilities not on simulations. Do you think what we're seeing? This is.

a strange question to ask because again. there's so many def definitions within. it but do you think what we're seeing is. real? Like do you think this is you know. cuz people do psychedelic drugs and I. hear about things like DMT. You inhale a. little bit of smoke and suddenly. everything you see is different. And you. meet people talk about how they've met. other types of life when they've taken. an an inhale of DMT, they've interacted. with some type of other life form. So I. guess all this is to say that if our. perceived reality is that fragile where.

we inhale one of smoke and suddenly. we're amongst a different life form, then it makes us question whether this. is real at all. And also like just to extend it a little. bit further. If one inhalation of smoke. and I guess you could think about that. as a bunch of small particles can. interrupt something in my brain that. causes me to believe that I'm in a. different universe. Then doesn't that. prove that my reality is just the.

projection of a very fragile small. amount of particles that are right now. lined up so that I see you and this. Well, I think the answer to that is that. what you consider to be reality. is really a partial fiction. that your senses are limited by what. your senses can retrieve from the. outside world. But it's only a teeny. weeny little fraction of what actually. exists. Look at the electromagnetic.

spectrum of light for example. You can't. see all the ultraviolet radiation, the. infrared, x-rays. This room is full of. realities that you can't see. Most of. what you see is a fragment, a teeny. insyweensy little fragment of reality. You can't see cosmic rays. You can't see. ultraviolet radiation. So, what I'm. trying to tell you is that you live in. an illusion. It's a good illusion for. survival. But in terms of being able to.

see the full spectrum of reality as it. exists, no. There's no way. So you think. reality is everything. Nope. It's only a. tiny tiny insyweensy little fragment of. reality. And then talking about this. reality, that's a fantasy on top of a. fantasy. The first fantasy is that you. think that what you see is real and. everything. That's the first fantasy. The second fantasy is there's a fantasy. within the first fantasy. So you're.

you're going layer upon layer of. fantasies. Now, let me give you another. example. Let's say you hear rustling in. the forest. You think it's a tiger. there. Nine times out of 10, there's no. tiger there. But how come your senses. are constantly alerting you to the. tiger? And that is evolution. Evolution gives you the ability to see. things that are not really there at all. because it's good for survival. One time.

there is a tiger and it saves your butt. In other words, why are we here today? We're here today because our senses are. overactive. Our senses think there's a. lion. There's a tiger there. Well, there's no lion or tiger there at all. But it was good for our survival. Okay? So, our senses are only necessary for. our survival. That's why we cannot see. infrared. We cannot see ultraviolet. We. cannot see the whole spectrum of. reality, radio, everything. saying we. can't see it all because it was not.

necessary for our survival. >> Why does life matter in the universe? Like what what function does life have. in the universe? >> I think we create our own meaning. individually. >> I think there's no universal meaning for. life in general, but I think each of us. create our own meaning. I was saying. this because you were talking about, you. know, survival and I was just wondering. if there was some universal reason why. survival is so important to the. universe. But and.

>> survival is important for the universe. cuz we survival writes history. If. there's no survival, there's nothing to. write. There's no memories. There's no. uh stories to tell. Nothing. There's. just a vacuum of space. >> I was also asking that, I guess, because. you were saying how we only see one. version of reality. Mhm. >> And so one would assume therefore that. there's another version of reality that. we can't even see. I mean I've heard. this before from physicists, you know, and if you just think about different. animals, the bat sees a different.

version of reality to the whale. >> Like sonar for example. >> Sonar for example. Even my dog, my dog. seems to see a completely different. version of reality than the one I see. >> It smells much better than you. Alactory. nerves of a dog are infinitely better. than our alactory nerves in our nose. They have a different reality. I guess. it begs the question like what is all of. this then? >> Well, you're talking about the meaning. of life for which I have no answer. Sorry about that. >> I guess that was what I was asking but I. wasn't asking that wasn't what I was.

intent on asking. But that's the base. question which is what's the point. >> I'm not even sure if the universe has a. point. But my personal attitude is we. create our own point. We create our own. world and meaning within that world. It. could be different from another person's. meaning and understanding of the world, but it's good enough for me. >> What do you think of the um human sort. of proclivity to imagine a god and to. assign meaning and morality to that god. and say, well, you know, cuz we do have.

this we do live with this kind of. god-shaped hole in our lives where we. don't really know where we came from. We. don't know what the point is. So, I. understand why it's tempting to say this. book that someone wrote once upon a time. that says this person, this thing. created us and these are the rules and. this is what good is, this is what bad. is, this is what we get if we follow the. rules. You know, as humans, we want. that. >> Yes. And I think there's a reason for. that. And the answer is evolution. What. holds animals together? The alpha male,

the top dog. As humans became more. intelligent over millions of years, humans bicker, we argue, we challenge. the leader and then tribes would fall. apart because you need some glue. You. need some glue to hold it together. And. if everyone becomes intelligent. uniformly, there's no glue anymore. Everyone bickers, I'm the leader. No, I'm the leader. So on and so forth. So. what happens is one person comes up and. says, I'm stronger than you. and I talk.

to somebody even stronger than me, God. And if you disobey me, then God will. strike you down. In other words, God is. a glue. God is a glue that holds. sensient beings together when there's no. reason to hold them together anymore and. they bicker and they the tribe falls. apart. What holds the tribe together? God. Who is God? Well, God is not here, but the son of God is here. And the son.

of God says, "You got to do this, you. got to do this, you got to do this, and. you got to obey me." Why? Because I'm. the messenger. I'm the son of God. So, I. think religion has a definite purpose. The purpose of religion is a glue to. hold sensient, intelligent beings. together. >> What What do you think consciousness is? >> Consciousness, I think, is a question of. awareness. the ability to create ideas. about you know why I mean what does it.

mean meaning to give meaning to things. otherwise things become meaningless. [snorts] so I think that's the purpose. of consciousness is to give us an. awareness of meaning do you think um. these big questions will ever be. answered around like where we came from. what the point is do you think we'll. ever have answers to these things. >> probably not however we have this. instinctive urge to to explore, >> to look for new territories and new. ideas. And that is what I think keeps us.

going. Animals do not have that. You. can't tell a dog, aren't you thrilled. that we're going to this new new house, this new whatever, right? And dog says, "No, just give me my my dinner." So, I. think that humans are different. The. purpose of the front part of our brain, the cerebral cortex that holds us. together, it's a time machine. It asked the question, "What's going to. happen in the future?" If you don't. believe me, go to your dog tonight and.

ask your dog, uh, what did he do last. night? Uh, and the dog will just bark. No interest in what's happened. yesterday, what's happened tomorrow. We. constantly think about the future. We. can't help it. We are constantly. thinking about what's for dinner. tomorrow, who's my friend, who's my. enemy, what's going to what am I going. to do next year, what college am I going. to go to. We are obsessed with the. future. That's what separates us from the animal.

kingdom. Animals do not care about the. future. They just care about survival. We, on the other hand, are obsessed with. the future because that's where our. survival lies. And why is that? Because. we don't have claws, we don't have. fangs, we don't have huge muscles, we. can't run very fast, we can't fly. We're. not like the animals. We are dependent. upon the front part of our brain. And. that's why we ask these questions that.

you just asked. Why are you asking these. questions? Because you're programmed to. ask these questions. Animals are not. I mean on the subject of intelligence. there is now new types of intelligence. amongst us. One of them um is referred. to as artificial intelligence. which is actually modeled on how the. brain works. You know I've sat here with. some of the experts in AI and they've. told me that they learned a lot about. the human brain um and how it reasons. and um how it processes information with.

these neural nets as they call it which. is um a concept that that has been. inspired by the brain. And with that. they've started to build these very. intelligent machines which a lot of. people are now using in terms of large. language models like chatbt but but. we're going further and further into the. world of artificial intelligence. So I. mean one's going to one would reason. that the future looks very very very. different because of this new type of. intelligence and that it's going to. accelerate maybe a lot of the. discoveries and you know that we've. we've pondered about today but also that.

it's going to change life as we know it. And I mean some people even think that. human life won't be the dominant form of. intelligence in such a world. What do you think? >> Yes, I think that is a definite problem. Right now I think a lot of our robots. have the intelligence of a bug, >> an insect. They don't plan, they can't. articulate their thoughts and so so. forth. But they carry out orders very. well. But eventually it's only a matter. of time before they become as smart as a.

mouse. then as smart as a rabbit, then. as smart as a dog or a cat, and finally. as smart as a monkey. At that point, they are potentially dangerous. >> The AI models though that are available. now are PhD level in terms of. intelligence. >> No, you cannot talk PhD physics with. them. uh they're programmed they're. programmed to have certain ways of. thinking about certain things, but.

they're not original. You can't come up. with a new theory of physics talking to. a robot. They basically take what is. programmed into them and work with that. Now, eventually they may become. creative. Okay. But I think that's going. to take several decades before we are at. that point. >> When you say creative, what's your. definition of creative in that context? Robots right now take what is available. to them and rearrange things like. writing a book. >> Isn't that what humans do? Don't we take.

information and rearrange it? >> Oh yeah, but we come up with new ideas. >> based on that information. The AIS can. make a photo that has never existed. before. >> So isn't that by definition. >> on the basis of what did exist before? In other words, something new, >> but basically a rearrangement of. something that already existed. So, I'm. saying, you know, the Michael Jackson. documentaries just come out recently, and you see Michael Jackson, the way he. moves, and you look at it and go, "Wow.". Like, no one's ever moved like that. before. And then [snorts] my friend sent. me this video um which was what Michael.

Jackson was actually inspired by, and. it's this um I'll throw it up on the. screen so other people can see, but it. was something that came before Michael. Jackson, and it was this guy who moved. in this very interesting way. And when I. watched this guy, I saw Michael Jackson. Mhm. >> And so you look up someone like Michael. Jackson and you go, "Oh my god, an. unbelievable creative genius artist.". But even he was inspired by by See if I. can get it to play. Even you see, even. he was inspired. >> by this individual. And then if I if I. play it forward, I mean, this is how. Michael Jackson moved,

>> right? Well, art, the bottom line of art. is mimicry. That's the bottom line of. art, except you arrange things in an. original way so it looks fresh. Am I. right in thinking that with Newton he. took the existing laws of physics and he. >> which were negligible. >> and he proposed. >> there were no laws of physics before. Newton. >> and he proposed a question. >> Mhm. >> And then he tested that question and. found an answer. >> He asked himself a question. How come.

the earth goes around the sun? and he. came up with an idea that was totally. different from what people had had. thought about before. He came up with. calculus. He came up with the inverse. square law. So what I'm saying is true. creativity comes from almost nothing and. it's like a supernova. Well, creativity. of a robot is imitative. Now there's. nothing wrong with that because of. course imitative artwork is still. artwork but it's imitative. Do you.

believe people like uh like the big um. AI CEOs and Elon Musk when they say that. AI will lead to new discoveries in. science? >> That's possible because there's so many. laws of physics that are known that many. of the new laws of physics are imitative. and you rearrange them and combine them. in different ways. So it's possible that. [snorts] the big breakthroughs of the. future will be guided by breakthroughs. of the past. There's nothing wrong with. that. H [clears throat] are you. concerned about AI at all? >> I'm concerned about AI in the larger.

perspective. that one day they can learn to do things. that are bad, learn to kill, learn to. maim to harm people. Realize that every. invention that we've made in the past. like the bow and arrow could be used for. good and bad. Everything. Okay? that the. bow and arrow could be good for game, for food, for eating, but a bow and. arrow could be good for slaughtering.

your your next door neighbor. Any new. invention has a double-edged sword to. it. And so, I think that so far most of. the applications of artificial. intelligence have been positive. We're. talking about labor costs. We're talking. about creating wealth. We're talking. about making things faster, cheaper, better. That's all great, but you can. also create artificial intelligent. weapons as well. And the battlefield is. where it's happening. And if you take a. look at what's happening in the Ukraine.

and uh Russia already, we're talking. about aerial weapons that can use wires. to lock onto their target. [clears throat]. >> And they use artificial intelligence to. guide them with this wire. and they cannot be stopped using the. usual techniques. For every founder, there comes a point in building a. company where your job shifts from being. the person inside your business. actioning everything to the person.

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Going back to this this this question of. the the Big Bang and where we all came. from, [snorts] if you had to posit a guess as. to what caused the Big Bang, would you. land on this bubble bath theory that you. talked about where there's just lots and. lots of universes, some of them are. contracting and expanding. Is that where. you would personally land? >> Probably. If you take a look at empty. space, we now believe that empty space. is frothing. frothing with little. bubbles. Bubbles that pop into existence.

and then annihilate and go back into. nothingness again. So even pure. nothingness is chalk full of activity. And one day we think one day one of. these tiny little bubbles decided not to. go back into the vacuum but to keep on. expanding and expanding and that became. the big bang. And so that theory says. that the universe is dynamic and that. universes are being created all the. time. >> What about Adam and Eve? And this.

>> what about Adam and Eve? >> Do you don't think the story is true. that there was a a garden, Adam and Eve, Adam the apple, put your clothes on, behave yourself and then you know we all. come from there. Well, I think there's. evolution and evolution did create life. forms that are single-sellled, multi-selled and then cells with a. nervous system like fish and then fish. became land moving uh organisms. So, I.

think there's a linear progression. >> But you don't believe the stories told. in the first testament of the Bible. around how humans came to be. God. created the world in seven days. You. don't believe that stuff? >> Well, I think it's a fairy tale. I think. it's a very compelling fairy tale, but I. think that even the people who teach. religion realize it as a metaphor that. we don't really mean 24 hours in a day. because that deals with the earth in the. universe. There could be other worlds. where a day is not 24 hours. A day does.

not look like what the Bible says in. Genesis. So I think it's a um it's a way. to organize your religion into a way. that is digestible and and people can. understand it and it touches people. which is a which is the purpose of. religion. The purpose of religion is to. touch people to bring them together into. a commonality and that's what the story. of Genesis does. Religion in some sense. is a way to help people to show people.

guidance the good life so that you don't. terrorize other people that you make. life better for other people not that it. explains the meaning of existence but it. gives you a reason for existence. >> and you would consider yourself to be an. atheist. >> no uh I'm agnostic I believe that. there's a lot of truth because it's a. way of behaving it's a way of learning. how to be good to your neighbor is a. glue that holds things together. Not.

that it gives meaning for life, but it. shows the way. >> It shows the way. And and the subject of. morality is often so intrinsically. linked to religion, which is what is. good and what is bad. Where does your. morality come from, doctor? Well, I was. in the United States Army for two years. and at that point I had to face death. and I had to face war. It was the height. of the Vietnam War. There were 500 GIS.

dying every week. Every week, Life. magazine published an issue where they. had the pictures, just the pictures with. no commentary of all the GIS that died. that week with no commentary. No, I told. you so. Just the pictures of those. people that died. And then I realized. that I would have to put my life on the. line because my number was up and people.

were going into the military. and people were realizing well war is. the way people you know work out their. differences. But then I began to realize being in the. military. that there is a morality there. I began. to realize that the people that we were. fighting had their own religion. They. had their own way of looking at good and. evil and whatever. And they were willing. to sacrifice their life for their own.

freedom. I began to question religion at. that point. Is it just a glue that holds. people together? Is there a deeper. meaning to the whole thing? So, one day. I was learning how to throw hand. grenades and our our sergeant who was. explaining to us how to throw hand. grenade had scars on one side of his. face, big scars on his neck. And we. asked him why. And he said, "Well, one day a little.

Vietnamese boy came up to him and the. Vietnamese boy says, "Candy, candy. You. want candy?" And the GI says, "No, no, no. Get away from me. I don't want. candy. Well, the little boy showed what. was in his hand. It was a hand grenade. It was not candy at all. And the little. boy threw the hand grenade at the. sergeant. Well, the sergeant immediately. saw what the danger was and he hit the. ground as soon as he could flat on the.

ground. The grenade exploded and one. half of his body got saturated with. shrapnel. And then you have to ask. yourself a question. Why would a young. boy do something like this? It's because. he believed in something. And I think. there was a real big lesson for me. And. that is you have to believe in. something. You have to believe in the. goodness of men and also the fact that. men can do evil. And you have to fight. for what you think is right. And.

therefore, it's not just a question of. we're number one. We're going to win. this war. I used to sing a song in the morning. I. want to go to Vietnam. I want to kill a. Charlie Kong. I used to sing that every. morning at 4:00 in the morning. And then. I asked myself now why were we on the. right side of the wrong side? And then. at that point you begin to question what. is right and what is wrong? And then you. realize maybe I'm on the wrong side.

>> Maybe I'm on the wrong side. I mean, it. goes back to all the conflict happening. at the moment because we're. ideologically captured by whatever our. own religious beliefs are and that's. causing us to turn against each other. each other and cause so much pain and. suffering in the world. Do you think. there's any chance that this could at. all change or is this just part of the. human condition? Well, if you take a. look at the human condition, you realize. that [laughter]. warfare has been an integral part of our.

evolution as a species. Even in the. animal kingdom, animals will fight. against other animals. And so my hope, however, is that we're different from. the animals. We have a brain. We can. make moral decisions. Animals do not. understand the meaning of a moral. decision. animals is survival is who's. stronger, who has the food. We don't. necessarily have to engage in that. conflict. And so I would hope that we.

use the brain that we have to think. through and create a better world. One. of the things I heard when I was very. young about the universe, and I guess. this was inspired by some theory within. physics, was that there are infinite. amounts of worlds out there. And I heard. this I heard someone say if the world is. infinite that means that there's a. someone like me a Steven Bartlett who. has an identical life to me up there. somewhere out in the stars who's living. a identical life to mine maybe other.

than instead of in this cup there's. lemonade instead of coffee. This is what. they call is it called the many worlds. theory where they think there's. theoretically. >> it's a version of the many worlds theory. but most many worlds theory simply says. that there's an infinite number of. universes and worlds out there none of. them necessarily identical to ours but. independent of us that that is a. distinct possibility. >> but if there's infinite numbers that. means there's one just like this.

identical to this. >> not necessarily you can have an infinite. number of things that don't repeat so in. other words. >> you necessarily have to have another. civilization that is exactly like ours. You could, but it's not necessary. If. you believe in an infinite universe, >> it's true, I guess. Do you think that's. plausible that there's an infinite. number? >> It's possible. When you look at the when. you look at the night sky, [laughter]. you're overwhelmed by the majesty of the. night sky and then you realize that.

we're nothing but a dot, a dot on this. gigantic disc called the Milky Way. galaxy. And if this is the Milky Way. galaxy, then here we are thinking that. this is the entire universe. This is. nothing but a pinpoint on the Milky Way. galaxy. And how many galaxies are there? We're talking about trillions of. galaxies that are out there. Each one. containing roughly 100 billion stars. How are we supposed to feel about this? I I did this um star tour um a couple of. months ago in LA where all it was was a.

guy took me out to a field. not even a. field. It was the desert in Joshua Tree. at nighttime. And he just explained how. far away all the stars are. And then I. looked through a telescope and he was. like, "Okay, this thing you're seeing. here is a galaxy and it's a gazillion. miles that way and this one is a galaxy. as big as the Milky Way and it's a. gazillion miles that way." It made me. feel a lot of things. It made me feel. one irrelevant from a cosmic. perspective. It also relieves one's. anxiety. If anyone's anxious about this. life, you kind of feel like you're not.

you don't matter that much. But also, it. can make you feel like it doesn't. matter, like there's no point because I. think there's a certain ego to humans. where we want to think it really, really, really matters. Now, it might. matter to us, but does it actually. matter to the universe? That does our. lives matter to the universe? >> Well, I like to think of it slightly. differently. I think on the other side. of the Milky Way galaxy, there's an. alien. >> who's [clears throat] writing the same. equation that I'm writing down right now. in different language, in different.

notations. But he's also discovering. string theory. And there are a lot of. galaxies out there, each one with an. individual saying, "Gee, I think I. discovered something new about the. universe." And these laws are universal. The equations that I'm writing down. right now are identical in different. language with equations that they're. writing down billions of light years. from us. And that gives me a sense of. oneness. It gives me a sense that wow, we're part.

of a a fellowship. We're part of a. camaraderie. We're on the same quest, a. quest to understand the nature of matter. and energy. We're on the same boat. Even. though we're speak different language, even though we're on different sides of. the universe, we're all part of the same. club. Don't you think it's plausible. that we're going to destroy ourselves. before we we ever figure that answer out. or before we get to meet these aliens? Because the technology we've been able. to create so far like nuclear weapons.

and even things like AI, [snorts] you. play this forward just on, you know, you. talked about probabilities being the. most important thing. The probability. that one of these egoomaniacs who has. the launch codes for a nuclear weapon at. some point decides that they're unhappy. or they feel threatened is pretty high. if you just extend time. I mean, the. probability goes up theoretically with. every year that passes that someone is. going to do make a mistake that wipes us. out. And the more advanced our science.

gets, presumably, I mean, again, I'm. just theorizing, the higher the. probability that we create something. that can destroy ourselves. >> Well, I like to look at it slightly. differently. I say to myself, what is. the smallest unit of history? And I say it's the decade. Anything. smaller than a decade, you get random. fluctuations, noises, accidents taking. place on a decade. But if you look at. human history, decade by decade by. decade, you realize that oh my god, just.

a few decades ago, it was horse and. buggy. Before that, we we just uh had. plows. Before that, we were barbarians. And you begin to realize that we've come. a long ways. Not that we hit the end, but we've come a long ways just in the. decade by decade analysis of the history. of the human race. >> And we've got closer to being able to. destroy ourselves. >> That that's true, too. Because before we. couldn't destroy ourselves. Now, for the. first time in human history, we have the.

potential of destroying ourselves with. designer germs, with nuclear weapons, with perhaps artificial intelligence. We. didn't have that capability before. And. it's only been in the last 80 years or. so as a consequence. So I think that. first of all it means that every decade. tremendous progress is made. There's no. doubt about that. But second we're a. knife's edge. You tilt it the wrong way. and there's world war. You tilt it the.

other way and there's food and luxury. for everyone. And it's up to us to. decide which way the knife will go. But. my point is decade by decade we see the. enormous progress that we humans have. made. The next question is what about. the next few decades? That's a big. question mark. >> Do you think humanity are going to be. able to travel out there amongst the. stars and become multilanetary like. someone like Elon Musk is um planning?

>> Well, I think it's for certain that. we're going to go not just to the moon. but to Mars and [snorts] maybe even. beyond that. Then maybe not in our. lifetime but in our grandchildren's. lifetime we may break through and visit. other planets within our our solar. system. Now to go beyond that would. require some sort of warp drive because. of the fact that the nearest star is. probably orbiting Alpha Centauri which.

is 4 and a half light years away from. the planet Earth. So you realize it. would take hundreds if not thousands of. years to begin the colonization of the. nearby star systems. There should be a button just down below. here. And if it says subscribed, you're. already subscribed. If it says. subscriber, that means you're not yet. And if you're not subscribed, please. could you do us a favor and hit that. button? It helps the show more than you. know. And according to the algorithm, you're someone that watches our show, but you haven't yet hit that button.

Thank you so much. If you could answer. any one mystery of the universe, you. know, I just I had it down here, the. answer. What What would you seek to. answer? Well, it's what I'm seeking for. my entire life. And that is we want that. one equation which is the secret of the. universe. We have the electromagnetic. force equation that's like half an inch. long. We have the equation for gravity. that's also about half an inch long. So.

why not the theory of everything maybe. an inch long? We're not there yet, but I. think it does exist. And if we were to. find it, that would give us an. understanding of the entire universe. And I think we're very close. >> You think we're close? >> I think we're close. >> What makes you think we're close? >> Because so far the theories that we do. have almost like magic. You look at the. history of the equations of physics and. you realize they get they get simpler. and simpler and simpler with time. You.

can write down Newton's equation back. equations the equation for the nuclear. force on one sheet of paper. One sheet. of paper. The force that governs gravity. we don't have that yet. But we have the. other forces and the equations are very. simple. And that's why I think that the. final equation will also be simple. One. of the things that uh that sometimes. inspires me is that when you look at. nature or when you look at something. like the human brain, you see the same. patterns as you see when you look up out.

at the stars. And one of the I mean I'm. so fascinated by the nature of the human. brain because it seems to be so so. powerful. And it also seems to have. patterns we see in the wider universe. Do you ever think about this about the. brain and how astonishing it is as a as. a thing? Well, when I look at the. animals, that makes me triply impressed. The fact that animals cannot share in. that, that we see a universe that the. animals cannot see. We see patterns. We.

see meaning. We give rhyme and reason to. what we see. With animals, it's just. where's my dinner? >> Do you think the brain is as fascinating. as the universe is fascinating? >> I think the universe is more. fascinating. No matter how fast we are. with physics and the mathematics of. physics, pure mathematics is still more. more profound. You wrote this book. called The Physics of the Future: How. Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our. Daily Lives by the Year 2100?

If I was alive in 2100, based on. everything you know about physics, what. am I likely to see, experience? How is. life likely to be different in that. future? Well, I think we'll probably be. on the moon, maybe to Mars, and perhaps. even dream about sending the first space. probes. Even beyond that, we're talking. about being able to. use artificial intelligence to send. probes out there. Of course, we're not. going to go to the stars. That's that's.

a few hundred years into the future, but. I think that we will begin to to. understand the solar system within this. century. And this also means that we'll have. artificial intelligence, a cure for cancer, and maybe one will. aid the other. Maybe artificial. intelligence will help us to cure cancer. and many diseases and longevity. Perhaps. we'll begin the process of solving the. immortality crisis. >> Do you think we will be able to live. forever in the near future?

>> I think there's a possibility that we. may have an indefinite lifespan. I think. that's a possibility. And you think it's. possible within the laws of I guess. physics and biology? >> Yes. Um at the end of our chromosomes of. every cell, there's something called the. tiemers. And the tieummers are like a. clock. They get shorter every time a. cell reproduces. And when the tiemer. gets so short, it frays, falls apart, and you die. So we have a time limit.

We've also discovered talomeorase, a. chemical that stops the clock. This was. incredible when it was first announced. that if there's a clock in our body. called the tie that tracks how long. we're going to live and there's. something called tomease which stops the. clock then can we live forever? Well, that was the good news. Then the bad. news was we found out that most of to. our shock cancer also uses tieumirs and.

tomeorase to live forever. Why does. cancer kill you? Because they are. immortal in principle they could they. could live forever. And so it means that. the secret of immortality is tantalizing. close. We do know that there are cells. that make immortality possible but. there's a price to pay. The price to pay. is you don't want cancers to also follow. you. So here's the trick of the game. We. have a whole bunch of top people in the.

sciences and medicine looking for ways. to extend the human lifespan with the. tie without wakening up the cancers that. make cancer possible. One of the uh. things you wrote a book about two years. ago in or three years ago now in 2023. and that's when it was published. Um is. this thing here? [snorts]. That's right. What is this? This is. the future. This is a quantum computer.

It's a computer that computes not on. transistors, which is oldfashioned. It. computes on atoms. Think about that. The. ultimate object beyond the transistors. that you can compute with is the atom. And how do transistors work? Transistors. can be up or down. Up or down. It's. called digital. >> Can you demonstrate that on there? And. this is your other. >> Yeah. So, think of this as a cell. And. the cell could either be switched on. >> Yeah. >> Or switched off. If you take a computer.

and open it up, what do you find? Switches like this. They're called. transistors. transistors that tell you. whether it's on or off. >> Now that's digital. This is the. revolution of today. This is the. revolution of tomorrow. Not just up or down of in between. How. many states are there between zero and. one in principle? An infinite number of. states between zero and one. So this is.

the basis of a digital computer. Mhm. >> This is the basis of a quantum computer. Quantum computers are so powerful that. even the CIA is worried that one day, perhaps in the future, they'll be so. powerful they'll be able to break into. any known digital code. So even the CIA. is worried about the fact that these. could become so powerful that they allow. you to break into any known computer. So. these are called quantum computers. Why.

are they powerful? Because they compute. not on transistors. They compete on. atoms. And you can't get much smaller. than an atom and have stable matter. But. that's what quantum computers can do. And they exist. This is not science. fiction. They already exist. So just to. simplify this in a way that I can. understand it, normal computers are very. very simple like this switch. They they. kind of exist in a linear direction. >> up or down on or off. >> kind of binary yes or no. >> That's right. Whereas a quantum computer. is more like this where it can it can.

process information in so many different. directions at the same time so that it's. going to be way more powerful. >> way more powerful way down. >> and I was looking recently and Google um. did an announcement not actually this. year where they basically set a deadline. for the cyber security world and they. started to warn governments and banks. and other tech giants that because they. have a quantum computer now that is very. very powerful. They're worried that it will be able to.

crack a lot of the digital worlds that. we all rely on, including banks, even. Bitcoin, which was quite interesting. And they've set 2029. as the the deadline for everybody to get. their together. This is a massive. threat to things like Bitcoin, which is. Bitcoin is essentially secured by a. equation that they believe quantum. computers are going to be able to very. easily crack. And if they do that, then. everyone's Bitcoin, for example, is um. is at jeopardy. But beyond Bitcoin, what.

does the world look like in a world. where we have these incredible. computers? Well, first of all, who's. doing this work? And it turns out the. CIA is following this work very. carefully because with this, you'll be. able to crack any code. Why is it that a. thief cannot steal your bank account. today? is because that thief does not. have your digital code. If a thief had. your digital code, there goes your life. savings out the window. Capitalism would. vanish. Society would would come to a.

halt. There'd be civil war. It'd be all. sorts of chaos taking place. But codes. are there not to be broken. To break a. code, you have to have another code. And. so the CIA and other organizations. create these very complicated codes that. you have to master. Quantum computers. can do it, but we're not there yet. But. it's coming. I don't know when. Some. people say in a few decades. Some people.

say sooner. I don't know. I just know. that the world is gambling that we'll. find a way to stop quantum computers. from breaking into digital computers. >> You've been working on physics for the. last what we said what 71 years as a. kid. I I was reading about how you. started making your own atom smasher. I. guess you'd call it a particle collider. machine. >> That's right. When I was in high school.

That's a very strange thing for a high. school kid to be doing. >> Well, I was fascinated by the work of. Einstein and the work of people working. on subatomic particles and I got. interested in antimatter. >> Antimatter. >> Antimatter is the opposite of matter. When I combine matter and antimatter, I. get a bomb. So, you have to be very. careful that you don't marry matter with. antimatter. And antimatter behaves the. opposite of ordinary matter. If ordinary. matter goes clockwise in magnetic field,

antimatter goes counterclockwise in that. same magnetic field. And so as a science. project, I wanted to photograph the. tracks of antimatter. So I got hundreds. of miles of copper wire, built a cloud. chamber, and I was able to prove that I. could photograph the tracks of. antimatter. And for that, I won grand. prize at the San Francisco Science Fair. And that began my my career. Just before. I graduated from high school, I decided.

to top that by creating an atom smasher. at 2.3 million electron volt betatron. particle accelerator. It consumed 6 kilowatts of power. Everything that my mother's house had, it would absorb. And that was the goal. to build a machine that would create my. own beam of antimatter. So I got started. very early. And I said to myself, this. is for me. This is what I want to do for. a living. >> Every time I've tried to improve.

something in my life, like my. businesses, my health, my relationships, I've noticed that the biggest shifts. have come from being better informed. And when it comes to our health, most of. us know very, very little. So when our. team was approached about partnering. with function health, it felt very much. aligned. Their team has developed a way. of giving you a full 360 degree view of. your health, many of the things that are. going on in your body in the form of. different tests. You do one blood draw. and it gives you access to over 160 lab. results. Hormones, heart health, inflammation, stress, toxins, the whole.

picture. I use it and so have many of my. team members. >> You sign up and you schedule your test. and once you're done, you get a little. report like the one I have here. I can. see my inrange results, my out of range. results, and there's a little AI. function, too. So, if I have any. questions about my out of range results, I can just go in there and ask it any. question I want. And these tests are. backed by doctors and thousands of hours. of research. It's $365 for a yearly. membership. Go to. functionhealth.com/doac. and use the code DOAC25. for $25 off your membership. I've done.

almost 700 interviews with some of the. most interesting people in the world. And one of the things you learn which is. unexpected is that vulnerability is the. doorway to connection. And after sitting. here for 2 three hours with a guest, I. feel a deep sense of connection to them. And as they leave, what I get them to do. is to write a question in the diary of a. CEO. We've taken all of the questions. from the diary of a CEO. We have put the. question here on this card with the name.

of the person that wrote it. So, you can. sit at home as I do with my fiance and. my colleagues at work and other people. in my life. Whenever we get a minute, we. play the diio conversation cards and it. is incredible what happens. These are. great if you're in a romantic. relationship and you want to connect. your partner more. These are also great. if you're in a team and you want to bond. your team together. And I have to say. they're also great for families that. want to learn more about each other and. that need a good excuse to spend some. time in a digital world in the analog. environment connecting human to human.

It is remarkable what the right question. at the right time can do. Go to the. diary.com. and you can get these conversation cards. right now. Is there anything you. discovered through your work in physics. that changed your daytoday behavior and. life? How you treat people, how you show. up, what you think matters? >> No, but the one thing that did change my. attitude toward life, other people was. being in the army. Yeah, that was a game.

changer that changed everything I knew. or which I thought I knew. Before then, I was single-mindedly focused on. physics. Just physics. do physics. Well, that was my life. But after seeing. warfare up close, I began to realize. there's more to life than warfare. I. think I asked this in part because last. time I spoke to a physicist and he. talked to me about how the nature of. reality is not what I think it is and. that there's multiple, I guess, dimensions and that I'm only seeing a.

fraction of what is real. Um, which I. think all physicists agree upon. It. sounds a bit like a conspiracy theory or. something, but actually logically it. makes a lot of sense to only see what. you need to see to survive. And. actually, >> when you see your conception of the. threedimensional world is only the. tiniest sliver of actually exists. >> And when I heard that, it made me. openminded to. a lot of the things I thought were. conspiracy nonsense. It made me. open-minded to ghosts. Maybe ghosts are.

real. >> Well, I wouldn't go that far. Well, you. know, maybe another dimension where. there's another there's spirits that can. see me, but I can't see them. >> Well, there could be other such. dimensions. That's within the realm of. possibility. >> What do you think happens when we die? Do you think do you think that's it? Or. do you think there are there's a. possibility that there's ghosts and that. our spirit, our soul goes somewhere? >> I don't see it happening because your. brain, your personality, your thoughts. are electrical. And when you die, the.

electricity turns off. There's nothing. propelling thinking anymore. Thinking. requires a lot of energy. Even ghosts, if ghosts exist, they would still. require a lot of energy to keep the. thoughts going. But that's why I don't. believe in ghosts because I don't see an. energy source that propels the ghosts. People talk a lot about spirituality. They talk about, you know, things like. chakras and a lot of spiritual people. talk about vibrations. It's a phrase. that I often hear in the spiritual.

communities. Do you believe in anything. like that in terms of humans having. energies and being able to feel each. other's energies? >> Well, I think that if a person emanates. a certain aura or a vibe, that doesn't. necessarily mean they're radiating. something. >> But is there any physics behind that. idea? >> I think it's psychological that you are. tuned tuned into a certain personality, a certain way of movement. I think it's. psychological rather than physical.

>> What is what is something you believe. that you haven't proven? >> Well, there's a lot of things that. haven't been proven. All I can say is. maybe, maybe not. Like flying saucers. I. don't say they don't exist or they. exist. I say maybe. I just haven't seen. concrete evidence for them. That's all. [snorts] So, there's a lot of things. that I'm not going to definitely say no. Like ghosts. I don't think they are. ghosts, but I can't prove it. Maybe there is some afterlife of some. sort, but it does go against what is. measurable. We've seen no measurement of.

somebody that has been able to pick up. vibrations from a ghost. >> How would you like to be remembered. someday long after you're gone? Do you. care about being remembered? Do you care. about legacy? >> Well, I care about leading a good life. that I feel comfortable with. >> Mhm. [clears throat] And if you if your. books and your teachings and your. lectures, if they live on beyond you, that's a bonus. It means that you had an. impact. It means you touched people. You.

touched people's lives with ideas. And. when I go down the street, quite a few. people come up to me and they say, "I. saw you on this show. I saw you on that. show." And that gives me a nice feeling. Of course, after I'm gone, there's no no. nothing to feel. But while you're still. alive, it gives you a nice feeling know. that you've had an impact, knowing that. you've changed somebody's life. Several. people have come up to me and said, "I. became a physicist because of you." So. that's uh a nice nice way to view.

reality that you touch people. Is there is there anything that you used. to think was a conspiracy theory that. you now know to be true? >> Well, I like to debunk. So as soon as. someone says something outlandish, I say. to myself, sure, sure. >> But that's what I mean, like you've, you. know, you're a debunker. So at some some. stage in your life, you must have had. the experience of thinking something. can't be true and being proven wrong. >> Usually when I make predictions, they.

come out to be true. Maybe the timeline. is a little bit exaggerated, but they. turn out to be true. So I haven't made. any predictions or observations that. were later shown to be false. What. predictions are you making now then. about the the nature of reality in the. future? >> Well, I talk about the nature of string. theory in the future, whether or not we. really will have a theory of everything. Flying saucers, I talk about the fact. that even though we have no evidence. today, you know, there's a mountain of. these things being declassified. Now,

maybe we'll pick up shreds of evidence. >> Did you look at the declassified. information that Trump released on UFOs? >> Yeah, I've looked at the whole the whole. batch 160 or so sightings. Was there. anything in there that was compelling to. you? >> No, just lights dancing in the sky. without any commentary. So, you don't. know what they are. >> But they could be extraterrestrial, but you see, these things are. two-dimensional. They're taken by a. camera, which is flattens the image. >> Therefore, to judge distance is very. tricky.

Do you believe that you're looking at. extraterrestrial. life forms when you watch these videos. of your. >> I'm open to the idea. I don't think. there's any smoking gun yet. I'm open to. the idea that these are. extraterrestrial. >> You see some of them going up and then. down and then into the ocean and coming. back up again. Do when you watch that, do you think these are aliens or do you. just think it's people that have. misunderstood what they're looking at? >> I leave open the probability that it. could be one or the other. There's no. aha moment where I say that it's nothing.

but reflection. It's nothing but an. optical illusion. There's no aha moment. If you had to bet everything you love. and cherish on either side of the fence. that non-human life had made contact. with the earth at some point in some. form or not, which side would you place. everything you love and care about on? Yes, aliens have made contact with the. earth in some form or no? Well, I would. have to say I don't know. >> if you but if you had to. >> I know it's a copout. No,

>> but you know as if everything on the was. on the line, one would have to move yet. to yes or no. And I would personally. I would personally probably say. probably no. If you made me bet. everything, >> I'd say maybe yes. >> You'd say yes. >> But no, no, no, no. Maybe yes. Very. important. The word maybe. I'm a I'm a. scientist and somebody's going to use. that against me by saying you said on. television that this and this is true. No, I said maybe. That doesn't mean it.

actually is true. It just means I open. the possibility that it's true. But if. you were held at gunpoint, doctor, and. at gunpoint they said right, you've got. to say yes or no. And if you're right or. wrong, that determines your fate. >> I would [snorts] have to say maybe. [laughter]. I know what you're getting at. You want. to like, you know, corner the fox, right? >> Yeah. Well, to some degree, yeah, I'm. trying to corner the fox. Um, but I'm. but I'm doing it to understand where.

your intuition or your your bias lands. because. >> I see there's not enough conclusive. evidence. There's no aha moment. I just. see a lot of may. >> A lot of may. H Yeah, I think I I mean, I think that's probably the. intellectually honest answer is maybe. Um, but if I was forced to fall on one. side of the fence, I'd I'd probably say. no. because I don't have enough conviction. to say yes. I see no evidence to say yes.

other than, you know, some sightings of. some things, but I'm open-minded. Maybe. it'll change. Um, doctor, we have a. closing tradition on this podcast where. the last guest leaves a question for the. next guest, not knowing who they're. leaving it for. And the question left. for you in my diary is, what is the best strategy to deal with. failure? I think the best strategy to deal with. failure is try it again.

I think on the first try, you're bound. to make mistakes because it's a learning. curve. And that learning curve is is. instructive. It teaches you. It teaches. you to try it again, but make a slight. change. make a slight change and hope. that change is in the right direction. If not, make another change and see. whether that puts you in the right. direction. >> If you could um go back to when you were. that seven-year-old kid that was just. getting into physics and [clears throat]. 8. >> year old 8-year-old. >> and give him any advice that would best. serve him for the next 70 years. What.

advice would you have given him? >> I'd say carry on. I've made a lot of. decisions that I feel good about, decisions that made me a better person. For example, when I went into the army, at that point, I thought, what could be. worse than facing death on the. battlefield to die on some unnamed hill. in some unnamed land? And then I began. to realize, well, yeah, that's a. possibility, but there's another. possibility that you may survive, that.

you may learn from that experience. If. you're not here to learn, okay, so be. it. [snorts] But if you are here to. learn, you gain wisdom by being in the. military. And that I think is a positive. thing. >> We we were talking about UFOs and alien. life. Um, at the start of this. conversation, and one of the questions. that's adjacent to it is if alien life. were to come here at some point, do you. think they would have empathy for us or. do you think that's potentially a human.

trait? Do you think they, you know, because in the movies they attack us? >> Well, if I were to shoot in the dark, I'd say first of all, they're robotic. They're not organic at all. >> Really, >> because they exhibit maneuvers that. would crush the bones of any any living. creature that we know of. These flying. saucers can zigzag. They can dive from. 70,000 ft all the way down. They can. dive underwater. These require skills. and tensions and vibrations that would. crack any known US device in half. And.

there they are executing these things. Either they're fake or they're. extraterrestrial. So I think that they have a technology. that we can only dream of. >> So when we're looking at these UAP. images and videos, if they are to be. real, then you're saying there's no life. in them at all and it's actually just. machine intelligence. That's right. In. fact, that's probably one reason why. they don't come out and greet us like in. the movies. In the movies, they always. come out and say, "Hello, Earth man.".

No, I personally think they're robotic. >> This question of empathy, do you posit. that they might be empathetic? Do you do. you posit they would want to destroy us? I mean, what would. >> Will they destroy us or will they want. to? The answer, I think, is no because. they could have done it years ago. You. realize that if you go back, even the. Bible makes reference to a UFO. If you. take a look at Ezekiel, Ezekiel saw the wheel in the sky. And. some people say there was no wheel. That. was a UFO.

So, who knows for sure. But if the. aliens really wanted to destroy us, they. could have done it years ago. They don't. have to wait. But if you go to a zoo, even if the zoo is lifelike to the point. where the animals themselves don't even. know they're in a zoo, it's peaceful. that you can observe them without. necessarily uh revealing your presence. And in that sense, it could be like. living in a zoo. Not that they want to.

gawk at us and laugh at us, but just. observe us. >> So you think that they will be they. won't want to destroy us, which is. comforting to hear. I think if they had. the chance to destroy us and they wanted. to, they could have done it decades ago, but here we are. >> It's an interesting idea when you talked. about um this extraterrestrial life. potentially being robotic. It does my It. kind of makes sense to me because we're. on a course to create humanoid robots. and robots that um can I was actually.

watching this morning. There's a video. that one of these humanoid robot. companies is streaming and it's they're. streaming a humanoid robot working on a. production line for 4 hours straight so. everybody can watch and all it's doing. is sorting packages out but it's been. going for 4 days straight and if you. play this forward you go this robot can. go walk across the office and it can. charge itself back up once it runs out. of battery and then they show it going. back to work again [snorts] when I say. play it forward I mean imagine this. technology continues to improve on the. trajectory it's on the battery.

technology gets better the intelligence. gets But uh and then theoretically this. robot will be able to build a spaceship. theoretically and travel into the. universe theoretically at some point if. you imagine any rate of improvement. So. it's the theoretical that okay humans. might not be able to survive the. crushing forces of that speed but a. robot could. >> My personal attitude is that we should. eventually merge with them. >> Merge with the robots. >> That's right. That's my personal feeling. because people talk about whether.

they're good, whether they're bad. so on. and so forth. Well, the bottom line is. they're going to become more powerful. And not now, but who knows, maybe in the. next century, they'll begin to make. reasonable choices. They'll reason. They'll plot future histories. And at. that point, they could be potentially. dangerous. So, what do we do? Either we become. super powerful and meet the challenge or. we merge with them. >> When you say merge with them, what do.

you mean? >> Become like that. become part robotic. oursel, become superhuman. >> As in when we're born as kids, maybe we. have an implant and it makes us turns us. into a robot or. >> Yeah. In other words, we are still. looking the same except we have. superhuman abilities and our brain is. connected either directly or by remote. control to a central nervous system that. does the calculations and performs these. calculations much better than we can and. um we become superhuman. This is the uh.

the video that I'm talking about. This. is actually a live video. So, this is. live as we're watching. >> What they've got is they've got a human. being here who's sorting the packages. and they've [clears throat] got they've. got the humanoid robot here. >> and they're just counting how many. packages each of them can sort. >> Mhm. >> And this robot has been doing this for 4. days straight. >> Yeah. Anyway, you play this forward and it. asks a big question about the future of. humanity when there's humanoid robots.

that. >> Well, I think menial jobs will go out. the window like this. Jobs that are. repetitive, jobs that just require your. arms and legs, those jobs will be. gradually phased out and new jobs will. open up. New jobs that require thinking, human. relations, organizing, directing other. people. Robots can't do any of that. stuff. Robots simply do what they're. told to do repetitively. Okay? We make.

decisions. We know how to interface with. other things. We plot. We plan. Robots. can't do that. Now, that doesn't mean. they can't eventually, but it just means. that the next step beyond this will be. robots that can do a little bit of. mental work. And it means that we have. to retrain the workforce so that they. can become uh masters of the robots. In [snorts] other words, we are masters. of tools, hammers, saws, whatever. We're. the master of them. They're not the. master of us. Okay? We tell the hammer.

and the and the chisel what to do. because we lord over them. >> Have you used AI agents before? >> I've used AI before, but not necessarily. which which agent are you talking about? >> So, I've got like on my phone, I can. say, I need a new umbrella for my patio. outside my house. >> Yeah. >> And it will go on the internet. It will. look at the prices. It will look at. everything. It. >> Yeah. Well, I can just type on the. computer screen a question. >> and the computer will come up with an. answer. >> But you you were talking about planning. there. So, I was saying that the agent.

basically makes a plan and then it. spends a couple of it could spend an. hour executing that plan. >> Oh, you mean not just coming up with the. plan, but actually executing the plan. >> It can do both. But I'm just saying you. were talking about how um humans have. this, you know, this ability to make. decisions. I'm saying that the AI agent. is making decisions like a human would. No, you tell them what to do. The. computer is probably programmed to look. for a reference like an encyclopedia, a. handbook, the internet. In other words, if you say, "I want to know the best.

car," it'll carry that out by looking at. the internet going through different. cars, it doesn't need you to tell it. that. But if you were to ask something. more complicated, go to the supermarket. and buy me some eggs. No robot can do. that. >> Have you been to LA? Cuz if you're in. LA, there's all these robots strolling. around the streets delivering food. They. deliver food in LA. >> Oh, yeah. But that's just crawling on a. sidewalk. >> That's what That's what humans do. >> I thought you meant driving a car. Driving a car and going up the stairs.

and whatever. That's just going on a. sidewalk, >> which is what human does. [laughter]. >> Yeah, but humans can do a lot more. >> Okay. Thank you so much, doctor. I. appreciate your time today. And I've. learned so much about all of these. fascinating things. And as always when I. listen to your content, I find myself. more curious about the nature of. reality. And I realize how little we. know, which makes me and I guess. thousands of other people that have. followed your work cuz I was going. through your videos earlier on and so. many of the top comments are people. saying that you're the reason they.

worked harder in their physics classes. >> Oh, really? >> Yeah. I was on a couple of the podcasts. that you've been on and so many of the. top comments say exactly that. They say, "You're the reason I worked harder. You're the person that made me more. curious." And I just think that's such a. wonderful thing because as you said at. the start, physics is the basis of. everything. >> Yeah. >> And uh the more we understand, the. better the lives we could live, >> right? >> Thank you so much. >> Okay. Well, thank you. >> YouTube have this new crazy algorithm. where they know exactly what video you. would like to watch next based on AI and.

all of your viewing behavior. And the. algorithm says that this video is the. perfect video for you. It's different. for everybody looking right now. Check. this video out and I bet you you might. love it.