HALLOWEEN (1978) BREAKDOWN! Every Detail You Missed!

Oh, look. >> Hey, creep. Why is Michael Myers scarier in the. daytime than he is at night? Welcome. back to New Rockstars. I'm Eric Boss, and this is a breakdown of 1978's horror. masterpiece, Halloween, directed by John. Carpenter. It is officially spooky. season here at New Rockstars, and we are. looking back at classic horror and. creepy titles for our weekend watch. series. In many ways, what we consider. to be horror cinema, at least in the.

slasher subgenre, truly began with. Carpenters Halloween. It's a classic. that holds up to this day for the way. that it upends the safety blanket of. suburbia and keeps us asking what the. true origin of the boogeyman really is. in American mythology. Why does Michael. Myers do his slashing? Why does he. appear in the background of the film at. the precise moments that he does? And. what does he mean to audiences in 1978. and now nearly 50 years later? As you'll. see in this video essay, it's the same. horrifying thing. So, for the first of. these Saturday weekend watches, we are.

bringing home to this channel the. Halloween analysis that you may have. already seen in a previous version on. the Witching Hour channel last year. That's why for the rest of this video, you're going to see me in a cheesy. costume that I immediately regretted. But for the next couple Saturdays, you're going to see us doing all new. breakdowns of movies like Beetlejuice, 1982's Poltergeist, 2002 Scooby-Doo. But. here, enjoy this analysis of the deeper. themes of John Carpenters's 1978. Halloween. Let's start with a recap of. the film. On Halloween night in 1963, in. the fictional town of Hadenfield, Illinois, a teenage girl named Judith.

Meers after hooking up with her. boyfriend is stabbed to death by a. killer we only see from their point of. view until we realize, surprise, it's. her six-year-old little brother, Michael. 15 years later, Michael escapes. from his mental institution, and Dr. Lumis, well aware of the evil that. Michael represents, is on the hunt. Michael returns to his abandoned home in. Hadenfield where he sets his sights on. Lorie Strode who made the unfortunate. mistake of listening to her father when. he told her to leave the key to the. Meyers house under the mat for some. prospected buyers because he plans to.

sell the house. Nice going, Lorie. Just. >> calm down. This is ridiculous. >> From there, Michael stalks Lorie and the. boys she'll be babysitting that night, Tommy Doyle, around town and various. creepy sightings. Some, like Lorie. spotting him by the clothesline outside, happen so fast that Michael seems to. possess a supernatural ability to appear. and disappear like a ghost. Michael. wears mechanic coveralls and a mask that. customers made by painting white a 1975. Captain Kirk mask and making the. eyeholes bigger than William Shatner. could ever open them and brushing back.

the hair. Dr. Lumis investigates the. town and finds the headstone of Judith. Meyers missing and assumes Michael will. return to the Meyers house. >> She came home. >> on Halloween night. While Lorie babysits. Tommy, her friend Annie babysits Lindsay. Wallace across the street. The girls. plan to bring the kids to one house so. that they can hook up with her. boyfriends. But outside the Wallace. house, Michael kills the family dog and. then kills Annie after hiding in the. car. While Lorie waits with the two kids. back at the Doyle house for Annie to get. back, their other friend, Linda, and her. boyfriend, Bob, get to the Wallace house.

and hook up. Michael kills Bob. downstairs by pinning the kid to the. wall with a knife. Michael then poses as. a ghost to Linda, but then strangles her. as she tries to call Lorie. Lorie goes. over to Wallace house where she finds. the bodies of her friends, starting with. Annie, posed in front of the Judith. Meers headstone. Michael tries to kill. Lorie, but she flees back to the Doyle. house. Lorie fights back, but Michael. never seems to die. Dr. Lumis arrives. and shoots Michael out the upstairs. window, but when he looks over the. balcony, Michael's body is gone. We end. the film hearing Michael's breathing. over the various shots of Hadenfield.

Not sure where he went next until we get. to Halloween 2 and you kind of figure. out where he goes there. John. Carpenter's Halloween is a film in which. every component is seen as iconic and. deeply influential to all slasher films. that followed. There was the casting of. Jaime Lee Curtis and her first ever film. role. the daughter of Hollywood royalty. Tony Curtis and Janet Lee, yes, the. Janet Lee, scream queen of Alfred. Hitchcock's Psycho, making this movie. star someone destined to play this role. And since I referenced Psycho with. Ozgood Perkins in my previous video.

essay on this channel, Ozgood, who. actually might have been named after a. movie that Tony Perkins was most famous. for, Some Like It Hot, now that I think. about it, I do feel obligated at this. point to point out an incidental Easter. egg that not enough people talk about. with this movie. In the opening titles, this shot of the jacko'lantern, look. closely and you will see a fly crawling. around that crooked smile, which I. choose to see as the horror film Gods. calling back the final line of psycho. >> And they'll say, "Why, she wouldn't even. harm a fly.".

>> There's the staple elements cited in. films like Scream, the final female. archetype, the suburban setting, the. rules like teenagers who have sex get. killed, or never say, "I'll be right. back. I'll be right back. [clears throat]. >> Or even the meta aspect of characters in. the movie watching a classic horror. film. In Scream, they watch this movie. Halloween. And in this movie, Halloween, they watch Howard Hawk's 1951 The Thing, which John Carpenter would ironically. remake 4 years after this as yet another.

horror masterpiece. But we should also. just talk about Carpenters's incredible. work in this film. He shot this movie in. South Pasadena on a $300,000 budget and. grossed $70 million with it, making it. one of the hugest returns on investment. in any movie ever. He composed the. film's haunting score himself, and he. crafted every scene with incredible. suspense. From the early minutes of the. film, you get the sense that Michael. Myers is always watching from the. suburban streets of Hadenfield somewhere. in the background, plaguing these safe.

streets, even in [music] broad daylight. From the beginning, we hear Michael. Myers breathing inside the Myers house. when Lorie drops off the key. Then. Michael steps into the foreground as. Lorie walks away humming. Then Michael. appears outside Lor's school watching. her through the window and then suddenly. disappears after she answers a question. about fate. And also, you may know that. this shot came back later in movies like. It Follows and Hereditary. Then Michael. suddenly grabs the kid Lonnie after. Lonnie bullies Tommy and breaks his. pumpkin. Following that, Michael follows. Tommy home from school for a block or.

so. Then Michael drives past Lorie and. her friends in Dr. Lumis' stolen station. wagon and gets mad when Annie yells. speed kills, probably triggered by the. word kills. Then Michael stands behind. the hedges as the girls approach in the. famous shot and then disappears when. Annie rounds the hedge to look. Then. Michael stares up at Lor's bedroom from. the clothesline in the yard outside and. then disappears. Michael's station wagon. can be seen driving behind Lorie and. Annie. Then Annie and Lorie pull up to. the Broken Hardware store. And after. they pull away, when Dr. Lumis arrives,

Michael turns into the main road, passing right behind Dr. Lumis. And I. love this shot because Carpenter must. have timed it perfectly with a very. natural long take with lots of other. traffic driving through the street. Michael continues to drive behind. Annie's car at dusk and then parks in. their neighborhood. And then things. really get cooking. Tommy looks out his. window and sees Michael crossing the. street, thinking it's the boogeyman, and. he's right. Then Michael is outside the. kitchen watching Annie strip when she. spills butter on her clothes. And then. he knocks over the hanging plant. Then. we see Michael outside another window.

and he kills the family dog. Then. Michael appears outside the laundry room. while Annie washes her clothes and at. this point Michael locks her in. Then. Annie leaves the door to the kitchen. open and Michael suddenly appears in the. background of that shot. And then when. the camera pans back in the same shot, he's gone again. Then Annie and Lindsay. cross the street to the Doyle House and. Michael stands up behind the parked car. Then Annie finds the door to the car. locked. Then goes back to the keys. And. I love this detail that when she comes. back, she doesn't even think that, hey, why is the car door now open if I didn't. have the keys yet to open it? She.

figures this out too late because when. she sits down, she finds the windows all. fogged up. And Michael pops up in the. back seat, strangles her, and cuts her. throat. Then Tommy sees Michael carrying. Annie's body back inside of Lindsay's. house. Boogeyman confirmed. Linda and. Bob make out in Lindsay's house, and. Michael watches them. And then while. upstairs, Linda and Bob have sex with a. jacko'lantern on the nightstand. Nice. Michael's shadow passes on the wall. beside them. And then when Bob goes down. for the beer downstairs, Michael rushes. out of the closet, chokes Bob, and pins. him against the wall with the knife.

Then Michael, wearing the bed sheet as a. ghost costume with Bob's glasses, stands. in the doorway, and stares at Linda. Then Michael strangles Linda with the. telephone cord. And then after Lorie. finds the bodies, Michael's mask looms. into view from the shadows behind her. And then he slashes her sleeve. Then. [screaming] Michael tussles with Lorie. and chases her back to the Doyle house. Lorie locks the door and then finds the. window open. And then Michael pops out. from behind the sofa and Lorie stabs him. in the neck with a knitting needle. Michael now appears at the top of the.

stairs behind Lorie and Lorie tries to. hide from Michael and smartly opens the. balcony door. A fortuitous move for her. as it sets up why the balcony doors are. left open when Dr. Lumis shoots him. through that opening. And then after. Lorie thinks she got in a fatal stab on. Michael, he sits up again in the. background. But now Dr. Lumis has. arrived with his gun and shoots Michael. repeatedly off the balcony. But in the. final shot, wow, Michael's body has. vanished. So in all of those. appearances, all of those jump scares, the scariest of them was the final one.

where Michael doesn't appear in the. frame. And throughout all these, you see. this ingenious construction by John. Carpenter to really deliver the maximum. amount of suspense. But making us even. more paranoid is a sighting that I don't. even think most observers clocked. minutes before Lori even gets to the. Meyers house when she's walking away. from her father. Wo! There's a station. wagon in the distant background. Now, it's hard to tell if that's Lumis'. station wagon driven by Michael or just. any of the many station wagons that. would be in a suburb in 1978. Either.

way, Carpenter has made us so paranoid. that we kind of want this to be Michael. this early. So over the years, there has. been no shortage of speculation and. analysis as to why Michael Myers kills. in this movie. Tommy Doyle, who thinks. the thing he saw, which the film script. and end credits creepily call the shape. The kid assumes that this is the. boogeyman and even asks Lori to define. the boogeyman as they flip through his. comic books, which we see later actually. contains Marvel's Howard the Duck number. 26 from 1978, featuring Howard asking on.

the cover, "Have you heard the one about. sudden death?" Laser man, neutron man. I can understand why. Tarantula man. >> Lori, what's the boogeyman? >> While Lorie spends this movie dismissing. the boogeyman as just mere superstition. You know, the kind of thing that Tommy's. bullies taunted him about, by the end of. the film, Lori, Tommy, and really all of. us are LEFT WONDERING, "WELL, [ __ ].

Shouldn't we call evil this tangible the. actual boogeyman? >> Was it the boogeyman? I'm scared. >> There's nothing to be scared of. >> Are you sure? >> You can't kill children. >> I don't know why, but the month of. September always feels like a major. transition for me. Like, I haven't been. in high school since high school. But. because I spent so many of my formative. years treating September like the start. of some big new adventure, it's just. hard to flip that switch off. And it's. not just the residual inertia of going.

back to school. A lot of the patterns I. developed before I had the right context. or self-awareness to appreciate them. still linger. Something my therapist has. reminded me of that's really helpful is. that now I can apply adult context and. agency to some of those feelings. So. yeah, it's September and if I'm feeling. geared up for a big new adventure, why. not just lean into it? Maybe you feel. the same way. Maybe you've been thinking. about therapy yourself and maybe now is. the time to embark on that adventure. Better Help, the sponsor of today's. video, makes starting therapy easy. You. take a short quiz, then get matched with. a licensed therapist quickly. You can.

communicate however you feel. comfortable, phone, video, or text. If. your therapist isn't a good fit for you, you can switch at any time with no. additional cost. Over 6 million people. to date have gotten help through. BetterHelp, earning a 4.8 out of five. rating on the app store. Click the link. in the description or go to. betterhelp.com/newrostars. to get 10% off your first month of. therapy. Signing up using our link helps. support our channel and lets us keep. making videos like this and the next one. and all the others. Let's get back to. it. So, what makes Michael Myers the. boogeyman? What drives him? There have.

been some motivations explored in the. sequel films. Halloween 2 takes place in. the later hours of that same Halloween. night, and we learn that Lorie Strode. and Michael Myers are in fact siblings, although this backstory was later. retconed. Halloween 3, the season of the. Witch, is the one film of the series to. not feature Michael as the antagonist, as the producers wanted to try to. explore an anthology story taking place. elsewhere on Halloween. But then things. returned somewhat to formula in. Halloween 4. the return of Michael. Myers, which transferred Michael's. obsession onto Lor's daughter Jaime,

technically his niece, with whom it's. implied that Michael shares a telepathic. link. In Halloween 5: The Revenge of. Michael Myers, and then even more so in. its follow-up, Halloween 6: The Curse of. Michael Myers, that's the one with Paul. Rudd, we get to learn about Michael's. backstory as the product of a Celtic. cult carrying a curse of Thorn. This was. the explanation behind Michael's seeming. supernatural strength and his apparent. immortality because it's established. that hell will not accept him. Meanwhile, there was Rob Zombie's. Halloween in 2007 that reimagines.

Michael Myers's origin story as coming. from a broken household. But since. pretty much all of these sequels were. later retconed, especially in the most. recent trilogy of films from 2018 to. 2022 by David Gordon Green, that built a. new continuity stemming from the events. of that first night in Hadenfield on. Halloween of 1978 without the Halloween. 2, Michael Lorie bloodline connection. So the assumption among most fans is. that Lori was just in the wrong place at. the wrong time reminded Michael Myers. too much of the sister that he.

slaughtered in his canon event and that. led to Michael's lifelong obsession with. Lorie Strode. Now film scholars like. Carol J. Plover in her 1987 media study, Her Body Himself: Gender in the Slasher. Film, argues that killers in the slasher. films like Halloween are fueled by a. quote psychosexual fury and that they. amount to moral scolding of young women. for just making sexually liberated. choices. One could argue, after all, that Michael Myers's defining moment was. seeing his sister have sex when she was. supposed to be watching him and killing.

her for that. And now as an adult, seeing babysitters of the same age his. sister was when he killed her, engaging. in similar sexual delights, neglecting. the children they're supposed to be. looking after just triggers this code of. punishment he now feels obligated to. dole out. So after seeing Annie stripped. down to prepare to abandon the child she. was responsible for to go have sex, Michael does the same to her and then. even crucifies Annie with the headstone. of his sister Judith. However, John. Carpenter and his coowwriter Deborah. Hill have pushed back against these.

interpretations that Michael Myers is a. kind of sexioner. Yes, that is my term. And I was kind of proud of it until I. realized it just kind of sounds like an. executioner who [ __ ] the condemned to. death. So instead, let's call this take. um Michael Myers as the [ __ ] block. killer in a suburbia filled with overly. horny youth. To this interpretation, John Carpenter has said, quote, "It has. been suggested that I was making some. kind of moral statement. Believe me, I'm. not. In Halloween, I viewed the. characters as simply normal teenagers.

In another interview, he said, quote, "The one girl who is the most sexually. uptight just keeps stabbing this guy. with a long knife. She's the most. sexually frustrated. She's the one. that's killed him, not because she's a. virgin, but because all that sexually. repressed energy starts coming out. She. uses all those phallic symbols on the. guy." And then Deborah Hill said, quote, "There was absolutely no intent for that. to be the underlying reason. I was. raised a Catholic school girl and what. leaked into the script is my Catholic. sensibility. It was totally. unintentional. So, as we look elsewhere.

for Michael Myers motivations, let's. look to characters in the movie. Characters like Dr. Lumis and others who. echo him throughout the franchise have. simplified this as Michael Myers is just. pure evil, plain and simple. There's Dr. Lumis' line in this film describing when. he first examined Michael when he was a. boy. I met this. six-year-old child with this blank, pale, emotionless face as I realized. that what was living behind that boy's. eyes was purely and simply evil.

There's also the chilling exchange from. the original screenplay from a version. of the mental institution escape that. did not make it into the final cut of. the film. In that version of this scene, Dr. Dr. Lumis goes to talk to another. escaped patient. And when he comes back. to the car to talk to the nurse, he. says, "He asked me if I could help him. find his purple lawn mower." But then. getting serious, he says, "He said. something else. It's all right now. He's. gone. The evil's gone." I loved reading. this because it shows how the patients.

at this institution were all tortured by. Michael's mere presence among them. It's. kind of like that idea that comes up in. Halloween 6, how even hell was like, "Fuck no, this dude's too evil for us.". or even the unhinged screaming that the. other patients yelled out in the opening. scene of the yard in the 2018 Halloween. The idea floated by Tommy that you can't. kill the boogeyman, you can't kill the. evil came from Deborah Hills. inspirations for the setting of this. film on Halloween night. The producer. Irwin Yablans and financeier Mustafa.

Akad reportedly approached John. Carpenter after he had directed Assault. on precinct 13 about the idea of a. horror film about a killer who stalked. babysitters. And some say originally. this film was actually going to be. called The Babysitter Murders. In this. 2002 interview with The Guardian upon. the movie's 25th anniversary, coowwriter. Deborah Hill explained her interest in. the holiday tradition of Halloween for. its Celtic origins in sin, which refers. to the night of the harvest when. bonfires were lit and treats were left. out and the barrier between the living.

and the dead was at its thinnest. Hill. said, quote, "The idea was that you. couldn't kill evil and that was how we. came about the story. We went back to. the old idea of Sawin that Halloween was. the night where all the souls are led. out to wreak havoc on the living and. then came up with the story about the. most evil kid who ever lived. And when. John came up with this feeble of a town. with a dark secret of someone who once. lived there and now that evil has come. back, that's what made Halloween work. I. honestly think we can trust Deborah Hill. the most when it comes to Michael.

Myers's intent. As the 2003 documentary. Halloween, a cut above the rest, confirms that it was actually Deborah's. hand and arm as young Michael Myers in. that opening long take. She was. literally the slasher that slashed. Judith Myers. So, now we're kind of. getting somewhere. The traditions of. Halloween and this idea that everyone's. hometown has a legend of a freak murder. that they're always worried will come. back someday. >> You know, every town is something like. this happen. So once I got to that point. in my research, also around this 25th.

anniversary, I found this 2002 academic. media study by Pat Gil called The. Monstrous Years, Teens, Slasher Films, and The Family. My kind of academic. paper. She wrote, quote, "In films. following Halloween, suburban and. smalltown teenagers are put in danger. time and time again at home, at school, at camp, and on holiday. These films. seem to mock white flight to gated. communities. In particular, the attempts. of parents to shield their children from. the dangerous influences represented by. the city. Widespread crime, easy access.

to drugs, unsupervised friendships. The. danger is within. The films seem to say. the horror derives from the family and. from the troubling ordeal of being a. late 20th century teenager. Ah, I love. this take. So, according to Pat, the. real boogeyman is a false sense of. security of suburbia. Starting in the. late 20th century, this whole lie of the. American dream that families could ever. protect their kids by just fleeing the. dangerous and immoral cities and then.

fortifying their families within. culde-sacs and neighborhood watch signs. The illusion of suburbia and the dangers. beneath that refuse to stay buried is. really a recurring theme explored not. just in these slasher films that. Halloween inspired but in other 80s. classics like Poltergeist, The Goonies, ET, It, and now our current era of. millennial Gen X targeted nostalgia. fests like Stranger Things. And the. reason film audiences in 1978 found this. to be so terrifying was a very real fear. in America during that time, the mind of.

a serial killer. Due in large part to. the way violent crimes were starting to. be linked and reported by both law. enforcement and the media, the concept. of a serial killer, defined as an. individual who murders three or more. people, was starting to enter the public. consciousness in the late 1970s and. early 80s in a big way. The decade. leading up to this, the Zodiac Killer. frightened many California Bay Area. communities due to the release of his. letters and cryptograms and newspapers. like the San Francisco Chronicle. The.

Manson family cult was connected to a. number of high-profile murders and. attacks. The summer of 1976 was even. called the summer of Sam after David. Burkowitz went on a violent spree due to. what he said were devilish voices from. his neighbor's dog. In Los Angeles, from. 1977 to 1978, the hillside strangler. terrorized the city. From 1972 to 1978, in Chicago, John Wayne Gayy murdered at. least 33 young men. From 1974 to 1978, across various western states, Ted Bundy. killed dozens of young women and girls. And while the dots were finally.

connected in recent years, Joseph James. D'Angelo, who went by many media. monikers and later dubbed the Golden. State Killer, killed and attacked dozens. in California in the 70s and 80s. Infamous killers like these led to the. behavioral sciences division at the FBI. that broke into the public discourse. when in 1981 the New York Times first. used the term serial killer to describe. the Atlanta child killer Wayne Williams. The victims of all of these crimes that. I've mentioned were not protected by. things like suburbia. And all of these.

tragedies led to a natural curiosity in. this country as to how these things. could penetrate our neighborhoods and. what kind of mind could or would ever do. this. All of this was on the minds of. American artists and audiences in the. late 70s and early 80s. And as much as. the producers of this film don't want to. admit that they didn't set out to make a. horror film that would target old Dawn. and Stacy of the Babysitters Club, that. is clearly how society received 1978's. Halloween and the entire slasher. subgenre that it kicked off. Lorie.

Strode is not targeted as a result of. any gross incompetence by the girl, any. disregard of tradition or history or. societal virtues, any original sin that. she inherited from her family or from. the community. She's not a temptress. archetype. She doesn't wander off the. beaten path like the kids in Evil Dead. or the Texas Chainsaw Massacre. There's. no traumatic death in her life that she. struggles to mourn like the heroins of. Ari films. She's not the victim of clear. gaslighting mechanisms that we see in. movies like Rosemary's Baby and Alien.

All Lorie Strode did was exist in a. suburb in 1978. She did a typical. suburban chore and then she walked away. humming this song with an earshot of. just the wrong guy. >> Alone. Just as I was fascinated by Sigourney. Weaver improvising You Are My Lucky Star. from Singing in the Rain at the critical. moment of Alien, I'm also obsessed with. this moment because it's not a real. song. Jaime Lee Curtis made it up. At a.

2014 BeyondFest Q&A with John Carpenter, Jaime Lee Curtis recalled this first day. of shooting. She told Carpenter, quote, "At the end, you said, "Now walk away. and finish out the scene singing." And I. remember saying to you like, "Um, what's. the tune of the little song?" And you. said, "I don't know. Make it up." Now, you have to understand, I don't sing at. all. I just don't sing. And I remember. it like, "What do I sing?" So, I sang I. Wish I Had You All Alone. Horrible. But. it ended up being the perfect choice by.

Jaime Lee Curtis for the character of. Lorie Strode because this little. improvisation became an innocent mistake. where Michael Myers imprints on Lorie. Strode after thinking this girl who. reminds him of his sister made up this. little love song just for him. That's. why she's the final female because in. his mind he's saying, I'm going to. deliver on that promise of just the two. of us. She's going to have me all alone. So Halloween as a film is really saying. in suburban America, just something that. sweet can make you a target. So that.

later that evening, you're going to find. yourself pounding on your neighbor's. doors, begging for help, but they're. going to dismiss you as just a Halloween. prank. The girl who cried boogeyman. So. what drives the boogeyman in this movie. to do his slashing? Well, it's the same. thing that has always driven every. boogeyman throughout the ages. What. Lorie Strode would even say in her. classroom in this movie, fate. A menace. that exists in all hometowns to stress. test our mindset of security. The safer. we feel in our culde-sacs, the more. violently shattering those stress tests. will feel when they inevitably find us.

in our homes. So really, that's my 2025. contribution to why Halloween was such a. landmark hit in America in 1978 and why. the siminal slasher film remains iconic. today. It's American suburbia's hysteria. over serial killers and our perennial. need to build out our nests with these. various cozy protections from outside. worlds that will always find their way. in, which I assume many of you. manifested in the past month by. streaming movies like Halloween or. Netflix serial killer miniseries or.

horror YouTube channels from those cozy. couches that Lorie Strode thought. protected her when she was watching. scary stuff. I'm just saying you may. want to grab that knitting needle as you. look behind your couch right now. [music]. Thank you so much for joining us for the. first of our horror weekend watches on. the New Rockstars channel. We're going. to be here every Saturday for the next. two months. Here's the September. schedule and where you can find these. titles on streaming, at least in the US. Comment down below with your thoughts on. this film and a special thanks to one of.

our NR Underground subscribers, Rick. Denman, for supporting us at the. executive producer level. You can get. all of our exclusive bonus content by. clicking the link in the description. below or going to nr. underground.supcast.com. Big thanks to Studio Tech Brian Kim, New. Rockstars editors Joshua Steven Hurd and. Abby Fel and all of our supporting. editors for their work on this video. Follow me at EA Vos. Hit that subscribe. button. Thanks for watching and I'll see. you next time. Bye.